Women in the 1900s essays

Women in the 1900s essays Looking back and comparing life during the 1900s in Canada to todays life, I can see how much the past 100 years have left us in a completely different world. I can not even begin to describe how much things have changed since then. My life would have been entirely different. First off, I would probably be going to school only a couple times a week! There would be a lack in my school attendance since I would be spending my days helping my parents on the farm, cooking, keeping the house tidy, sewing, and looking after my baby sister which is not all fun and games. I would have very little time for myself. Meanwhile, my brother would be out fishing for the nights dinner and my mother would stay at home with me and my little sister. Only would my father go to work, being that back then, they had distinct gender roles where as today, there is equality. My father would come back very late at night after working those long hours to support my family. In addition, if I would be l iving in the 1900s, the housing would be very different. I would be living in a sod hut made out of mud, where there would be very cold nights and leaking water left from the rain. But looking at todays life, we live in brick homes with heaters to keep us warm. Moreover, traveling would require more time and would be very uncomfortable. Only the rich would have the luxurious accommodations for those long journeys. Today we have become very dependant on automobiles and subways to transport us to places for we are a car culture. But if I would be living in the 1900s, horses and carriages would play a significant role in my everyday life. I would be taking the horse to school instead of the TTC, which is what I use now. Also, religious values seemed to have had such an important role so I would have been attending church and reading the bible more often. Furthermore, if I would be living in the 1900s and wanted to communicate with a re...

C. S. Lewis essays

C. S. Lewis essays Over the course of time a truely magnificent writer will emerge, one that captivates their audience with imaginative plots and beilevable charactors. Melville, Defoe, Verne, Tolstoy, Twain, Dickens, these are all ledgendary writers known world wide for their stories. Another member of this group of the literary elite is C. S. Lewis. Clive Staples Lewis was born in Belfast, Ireland, on November 29, 1898. He was the son of A. J. lewis a salesman and Flora August Hamilton Lewis, the daugter of a clergyman. When Lewis was nine years old his mother died and his father sent him away to boarding school in England. After a few years at the boarding Lewis began to study privatley under Mr. W. T. Kirkpatrick. Putting his education on hold Lewis served in the first world war as a second lieutenent in the british army. After being wounded in the Battle of Arras in 1918 he resumed his education at Oxford University. Lewis spent the next 35 years of his life at Oxford lecturing and being a tutor. In 1956 Lewis was married to Joy Davidman Gresham. Lewis died on November 24, 1963, he was 65 years old. Lewis was the master of the allegory. Lewis' first allegorical work The Pillgrams' Regress, a story about a philologist who is kidnapped by evil scientists, was published in 1933. His second allegory, The Allegory of Love, won him the prestiges Hawthordian prize. He is perhaps best known for the seven religious allegories he wrote for children titled The Chronicals of Narnia. Most of Lewis' writings reflect his deep devotion in the christian faith. Overall Lewis has had a pretty sucsessful life. He was the author of many books. He has also written numerous essays and critisims. He has written everything from allegories to autobiographies. He is truely one of the literary elite. ...

Analysis of the story Revelation by Flannery O'Connor where you argue Essay

Analysis of the story Revelation by Flannery O'Connor where you argue a theme - Essay Example This conversation, which is in the form of a rude question, reproduces Mrs. Turpins self-absorbed nature. It is expected of a Christian to be polite and patient when talking to other people regardless of their race, age, and tribe. The character that Mrs. Turpin reveals is that of rudeness and racism. Rather than Mrs. Turpin having a concern for the girls fitness, she is absorbed on how the girls whereabouts and attitude reveal about her. In another angle, it also infers that Mrs. Turpin distinguishes Mary Graces union and closeness to God in that instant they converse (OConnor 15). This informs a reader of the story that indeed Mrs. Turpin deserves a good revelation which she is given, though it is unusual and not to her surprise she expected. These words motivate Mrs. Turpins need for a revelation at the conclusion of the story, when she realizes herself, Claud, and those of the same socioeconomic rank bringing up the rearmost of the march to Heaven. Although they are saved, they need follow persons whom Mrs. Turpin has well-thought-out to be beneath her. The young girl’s eyes are important as signs of her ruling of Mrs. Turpin and of her capability to communicate a holy message from God. The fat young girl as described in the story has violent eyes that resemble "alternately to smoulder and to blaze." When Grace begins to be impatient with her own mother and with the rude Mrs. Turpin, she bangs her book and stares fiercely at Mrs. Turpin. The writer puts it that the girl’s eyes "seemed peculiar light, an unnatural light similar night road signs give." This contrast to road signs is the foretelling that there is a serious event that will take place. The sentence also contrasts Grace’s eyes with the girls potential to send a crucial message and that guides a revelation to Mrs. Turpin. As Mrs. Turpin is seated and thinking about the hopelessness of helping patients, for example, whom she calls â€Å"the white-trash woman,† Mary Graces eyes

How online newspaper reporting will influence the adjustment of Literature review

How online newspaper reporting will influence the adjustment of foreign policy in democratic and autocratic countries - Literature review Example There are two major aspects that may define the extent to which the media influence the foreign policy making process. First, the level of direct knowledge that the public has on the agenda of the foreign policy discussion determines the level of media influence on the formulation of foreign policy (Croteau & Hoynes, 1997:54). This is because; under circumstances where the public has a high level of knowledge in relation to the agenda, such as the existence of a foreign crisis that the public is aware of, such an agenda is likely to generate a high level of public opinion that demands that the policy formulators must pay attention to the views and feelings of the public, regarding the policy (Altschull, 1984:32). For example, where a country is to enter into a foreign trade agreement with other foreign nations relating to the exploitation of a country’s resources, the media plays the role of informing the public, which in turn raises a public opinion that demands the ear of th e policy formulators. On the hand, where the foreign policy agenda is an issue that the public has little or no direct knowledge about, the media plays the role of publicizing the issue, so that the public becomes aware of the existence of such a policy agenda, and thus raises its opinion. Secondly, the nature of the effect that the policy agenda will directly have on the people also defines the level of media influence on the foreign policy making process (Graber, 2006:937).

Stereotype and Prejudice Marjorie Essay Example for Free

Stereotype and Prejudice Marjorie Essay Abstract Our discussion is about how does society confirm prejudicial attitudes? How does ones social identity contribute to prejudice? How do emotions encourage prejudicial attitudes? What cognitive processes influence prejudice? Our text has explained competition; competition is an important source of frustration that can fuel prejudice. When two groups compete for jobs, housing, or social prestige, one group’s goal fulfillment can become the other group’s frustration. Prejudice Society confirms prejudice by what you possess and how much money you have. If you are not in a certain bracket such as (high class or middle class), you are considered poor. Prejudice helps justify the economic and social superiority of those who have wealth and power. Of course they will not give a chance at credit to buy a house, car, or start a business. Society, also confirm prejudice by the way you dress or the car you drive. Society confirms prejudicial attitude by focusing on personal individuality and Independence, as opposed to becoming a team with neighbors and friends. I am so glad that God looks at the heart and man looks at the outer appearance. Ones social identity contributes base on a realization of limited environmental control. The more you believe that you can impact your environment or social status, the less roll social identity plays Emotions really affect prejudicial attitudes because most of the time people make decisions based on their emotions. Emotions of fear and sadness or joy and gladness, which can cause you to project feelings in a hurtful way, rather than in a helpful manner Cognitive process influence prejudice through stereotyping, which cause prejudice. This can be a result of the normal ways in which we simplify and organize the world. Stereotypes are the social scripts we have in our heads about others and the roles we believe they should play in our socially constructed world. It is important to have the understanding of the basic concepts of prejudice and racism, and how to lessen their destructive effect (Rosado, 1995-2012). Reference Rosado, C. (1995-2012). Critical Multicultral Pavilion Research Room. Retrieved from http://www. edchange,org/multicultral/papers/caleb/racism. html.

America’s Prescription Drug Plan Essay -- Essays Papers Health Medicin

America’s Prescription Drug Plan Graphs Not Available For the past couple of years there has been a bitter battle between Canada and the United States over the importation of prescription drugs. Unfortunately due to amount of uninsured Americans who cannot afford these drugs in the United States, they must travel across the border and buy them in Canada. Currently the United States has made it illegal for anyone but the manufacturer or a selected representative to import prescription drugs into the United States. However the increasing difference in price between prescriptions in Canada and the United States has created an opportunity for Canadian businessmen and women to export these prescription drugs from Canada to the United States. According to the Fraser Institute, â€Å"Canadian mail-order pharmacies currently enjoy reported sales of about US$650 million, a trivial portion of the American market for prescription drugs (Harris 2003).† There are several concerns regarding the drug trade with Canada: one is the cross-borde r trade of pharmacies could be harmful, and two it will eventually cause drug prices in Canada to increase. In turn, will leading to increased pressure for explicit price controls in the United States which would cause a reduction in medical research and development. Several Aspects of the United States drug market make it stand out from other markets. One of them as stated above is R&D for creating new drug products. As long as the United States is selling prescription drugs at such high prices (in order to support the R&D), Canada will be able to free ride based on the work done by the US manufactures. The competition between drug manufactures is extremely competitive, and developing new drugs and get... ...these drugs. The CBO concluded â€Å"the average price for patented drugs in other industrialized countries is 35-55% lower than in the United States. Ultimately there is a problem, with the prescription drug trade and a solution need to be found quickly. Whether it is a two-tiered system, a mulit-tierd system, or a parallel trade relative to income system the problem needs to be dealt with and fixed. Otherwise people are going to get sick and due to the high cost of prescription drug and health care they will lose the chance to get better. Work Cited Beckman, Ph. d, Steven. International Trade, University of Colorado at Denver. Fall, 2004. http://www.theorator.com/bills107/s2244.html http://www.affordablerx.com/newsandmedia/062103.html Congressional Budget Office, Washington D.C. April 29, 2004. http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=5406&sequence=0

“Mother” by Grace Paley Essay

The Jewish Grace Paley was born in 1922 and grew up in the Bronx, New York. Quite dedicated in the civil rights movement she started writing short stories in the fifties. Additionally, Paley was involved in the women’s- and the peace movement. She wrote a number of short stories but got never done a whole book. Her stories contain mostly daily people from different ethnic groups, especially of the Jewish population. Grace Paley often tells her stories in an ironical sound and perspective of a female narrator. â€Å"Mother† is a short but profound story. It is told through the flashbacks of a daughter. Pointing out several details, the image where the mother stands in various doorways is the most remarkable one. At the end of a story, there is a sentence â€Å"I wish I could see her in the doorway of the living room.† As a reader, I understand that the narrator utter these words from the bottom of her heart. It is likely to me that there is a mixture of feelings e xpressed in this saying: nostalgia and regret. The first reason of her wish is that she misses her mother. She misses her so much with all what she used to do when she was alive. All her memories seem to revive within her mind. We all know that family sentiments are very delicate, especially sentiments between mother and daughter. Therefore, even years after her death, whenever she misses her mother, everything seems like just happen yesterday. The second reason for her wish is because of her regret or repentance. When her mother was still alive, she made her sad and worried a lot about her. Now she wants to see her mother again to tell her that she has made a great progress. She has become mature and led a good life as her mother always hoped. Also, she feels regretful because her mother died when her mind was full of worry; neither the daughter nor the husband set her mind at rest. If her mother reappeared in the doorway again, she would tell her immediately that she could feel secure about her future and rest in peace. Above a ll else, it is her nostalgia and regret that she wishes to see her mother again in the door. As human beings, people often do not know what they get until it has gone. Consequently, they live with nostalgia and regret. The author uses a lot of stylistics devices to make the story more sentimental. There is a rhetorical question â€Å"what will become of you?† which shows the mother’s concern about her daughter’s future. We can see that the mother really cares  about her daughter. Another impressive stylistic device is when the father complains about his work. He uses a repetition of the word â€Å"talk†. It occurs four times in one paragraph. As a result, he says the words â€Å"talk talk talk talk† back-to-back but, nevertheless, still doesn’t talk to her which shows his indifference. The author uses a quite simple language, and keeps her sentences relatively clear and brief. She might do this to point out that the narrator is just a simple girl, a teenager. The lesson I draw from this story is that we should cherish what we are p ossessing, especially our parents. Their love and care is endless. Like it is said the story, most don’t take much of their mothers’ advice, but later they realize how important they were.

Irony a Common Theme

Although they have very different plots with vastly different different characters, a common theme is cleverly intertwined by the authors of the following stories. â€Å"The Interlopers,† by Saki narrates a duel between two neighbors, torn apart by their forefather's grudge. â€Å"Gimpel the Fool,† by Isaac Bashevis Singer, is told by a man thought of as a fool, and forgives all those who mistreat and abuse him. The play â€Å"Pygmalion,† by Bernard Shaw shows the story of a normal flower girl becoming an upper class lady, and all the woes that come with it. The Interlopers,† â€Å"Gimpel the Fool,† and â€Å"Pygmalion† all share the common theme of irony. Even in such different contexts, irony is seen in these tales. â€Å"The Interlopers† has an ironic ending that shocks the reader. Saki starts the short story with Ulrich von Gradwitz seeking his nemisis, Georg Znaeym in a vast forest he calls his own. The reason for such hate would b e many generations before dispute over land and game, which was still existed. When they both face each other, they are both prepared to kill one another, until a tree falls on them. After endless bickering under the tree, Gradwitz tells Znaeym, â€Å"Neighbor, if you will help me to bury the old quarrel I- I will ask you to be my friend,† (4) who then agrees. After this, â€Å"The Interlopers† abruptly ends with the two men ironically being eaten alive by a pack of wolves. In â€Å"Gimpel the Fool,† the main character, Gimpel, is treated as a fool all his life in a village, and doesn't let it bother him, which further convinces the townspeople of his ignorance. This is ironic since Gimpel is actually the smartest of the bunch by thinking to himself, â€Å"let it pass† (1) even though he is labeled throughout the story as a fool. Till the end, the village makes a fool out of Gimpel, through forcing him to marry an outwardly unfaithful woman to acting to his face as if they don't know that all children born from her have different fathers. Finally, after his wife's death, Gimpel leaves his sad little hometown. He then travels around the world, telling tales to many audiences, and enjoying pleasureful company. Indeed, Gimpel was not a fool. In â€Å"Pygmalion,† a phonetics professor, Mr. Higgins, takes the responsibility of training a lower class flower girl, to becoming an upper class woman, which has an ironic outcome due to the fact that her new lifestyle would seem be more comfortable, but in reality is not. Mr. Higgins is forced to teach Eliza the whole English language to her once again due to her own version containing words/sounds such as â€Å"Ah-ah-ah-ow-ow-ow-oo! † (1749) Eliza already being beautiful, it only takes washing up to look like a lady. Resulting from becoming a proper lady, ironically Eliza has to sell herself in order to find a husband, while when she was a flower girl she just had to sell flowers. Keeping up with the superficial world of appearances with everyone watching her every move proves to be too stressful, and Eliza eventually breaks. She then leaves Mr. Higgins to marry someone he considered a fool, Freddy, who was smitten with her. In all these stories,different types of irony is expressed. The Interlopers† has situational irony since the result of the truce of the two men did not result in their freedom, but contrary, their death. In â€Å"Gimpel the Fool,† there is verbal irony since Gimpel is purposely labeled as a fool by the author though the truth is the opposite. â€Å"Pygmalion† has dramatic irony since Eliza believes her life will be better as an upper class woman, though we know that will not be the case, as she herself also finds out the next day. Using irony not only adds twists to these stories, but also contributes to character development and increases suspense.

Essay for a study on high fantasy prone people Essay Example

Essay for a study on high fantasy prone people Essay Example Essay for a study on high fantasy prone people Essay Essay for a study on high fantasy prone people Essay When a police report is filed, a statement taken from a witness, or a video recording of an interrogation is made there is one thing we need from all of them. The truth is a vital part of our Judicial system. Sometimes the guilty go free, and sometimes the innocent get punished. If there was a way to cut back on an innocent person being found guilty, wouldnt we want to help? This study research is to see if people who lie or tell the truth have a common area when they do it. It would be helpful to know if liars used fewer details, or if there was something that gave them away most of the mime. The cops, Judges, and lawyers would know what to look for in the statements and interviews they review. In the study they used criteria-based content analysis and linguistic inquiry and word count when examine statements. Are they accurate? Should we be relying on the information they supply? Are people who are high fantasy prone better at tricking the results to look like they are telling the truth? The expectation was that high fantasy prone people would have an ability to tell detailed stories and be rich in the characteristics of CAB and low for LAIC. The studies could how that high fantasy people are better or worse at lying in their statements, which could make these methods of trying to figure out a truth from a lie inaccurate. This information could impact whether officials use the CAB or the LAIC methods. The study used college students who were in their first year of psychology, drama, or art. To figure out the participants to use, they had the students fill out a questionnaire on their fantasy levels. The students who scored really high and really low were chosen. The students who score high were the high fantasy students, and the low scoring students had a low level of fantasy. It was 60 participants total for the study. 30 for the high fantasy consisted of 3 psychology students, 2 drama students, and 25 art students. The 30 for the low fantasy group consisted of 30 psychology students. There were 12 men and 18 women in the high fantasy group, and 18 men and 12 women in the low fantasy group. The mean age for the high fantasy group was 22. 5 and for the low group it was 21 . 1. The study consisted of all 60 students writing two stories. The stories had to be at least 400 words. One story had to be the truth and the other false. Both stories had to be about the subject being the victim of some vent. They were looking for certain characteristics like certain words. The Judges were not informed of the fantasy status before Judging the stories. One of the results from the study show that people who have a high fantasy prone life are more likely to score higher on the CAB criteria. Based on their findings, the high fantasy group actually scored higher on the CAB method versus the truth tellers. The results on table 2 show the parameters for CAB. In reviewing the high fantasy group, there wasnt much of a score difference in the true versus fabricated scores for the high antsy prone people. The low fantasy group scored higher on the CAB test in the true column versus fabricated. For the LAIC parameters the high fantasy students scores varied based on the specific parameter. It wasnt as cut and dry as the CAB. This was the same for the low fantasy group as well. The implications of this question out if the truth is being told instead of this method. For the CAB it is imperative that officials review the person and see where they are on a fantasy scale. The higher fantasy students scored better at lying than the low fantasy telling the truth. This is o important to know because people could be wrongfully convicted based on a testimony of a witness. They can also use the knowledge to help with sexual assault cases where there is a question of truth. For the LAIC they found a few helpful things to know while reviewing someones results. For instance, high fantasy prone students were better at convincing you they were personally involved with something. In short this study will help tweak techniques to know the difference for high fantasy and how to make a baseline for truth which will help determine who is really truthful in an event.

The Controversial Role of Lobbyists

The Controversial Role of Lobbyists The role of lobbyists is controversial in American politics. Lobbyists are hired and paid by special-interest groups, companies, nonprofits, groups of citizens, and even school districts to exert influence over elected officials at all levels of government. They work at the federal level by meeting with members of Congress to introduce legislation and encourage them to vote in ways that benefit their clients. Lobbyists work at the local and state levels as well. Debate Over Their Influence What makes lobbyists so unpopular with the public? Their work comes down to money. Most Americans dont have the funds to spend on trying to influence their members of Congress, so they view special interests and their lobbyists as having an unfair advantage in creating policy that benefits them rather than the common good.   Lobbyists, however, say they simply want to make sure your elected officials hear and understand both sides of an issue before making a decision, as one lobbying firm puts it. There are about 9,500 lobbyists registered at the federal level, which means about 18 lobbyists for  every member of the House of Representatives  and  U.S. Senate.  Together they spend more than $3 billion trying to influence members of Congress every year, according to the Center for Responsive Politics in Washington, D.C. Who Can Be a Lobbyist? At the federal level, the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 defines who is and who isn’t a lobbyist. States have their own regulations on lobbyists regarding who is allowed to seek to influence the legislative process in their legislatures. At the federal level, a lobbyist is defined by the law as someone who earns at least $3,000 over three months from lobbying activities, has more than one contact they are seeking to influence, and spends more than 20 percent of their time lobbying for a single client over a three-month period. A lobbyist meets all three of those criteria. Critics say the federal regulations arent strict enough and point out that many well-known former lawmakers perform the functions of lobbyists but dont actually follow the regulations. How Can You Spot a Lobbyist? At the federal level, lobbyists and lobbying firms are required to register with the Secretary of the U.S. Senate and the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives within 45 days of making official contact with the president of the United States, vice president, a member of Congress, or certain federal officials. The list of registered lobbyists is a matter of public record. Lobbyists are required to disclose their activities of trying to persuade officials or influence policy decisions at the federal level. They are required to disclose the issues and legislation they attempted to influence, among other details of their activities. Biggest Lobbying Groups Trade associations and special interests often hire their own lobbyists. Some of the most influential lobbying groups in American politics are those that represent the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Realtors, the AARP, and the National Rifle Association. Loopholes in Lobbying Law The Lobbying Disclosure Act has been criticized for containing what some feel is a loophole that allows some lobbyists to avoid having to register with the federal government. For example, a lobbyist who does not work on behalf of a single client for more than 20 percent of their time does not need to register or file disclosures. They would not be considered a lobbyist under the law. The American Bar Association has proposed eliminating the so-called 20 percent rule. Portrayal in the Media Lobbyists have long been painted in a negative light because of their influence over policymakers. In 1869, a newspaper described a Capitol lobbyist this way: â€Å"Winding in and out through the long, devious basement passage, crawling through the corridors, trailing its slimy length from gallery to committee room, at last it lies stretched at full length on the floor of Congress- this dazzling reptile, this huge, scaly serpent of the lobby. The late U.S. Sen. Robert C. Byrd of West Virginia described what he saw as the problem with lobbyists and the practice itself: Special interest groups often wield an influence that is greatly out of proportion to their representation in the general population. This type of lobbying, in other words, is not exactly an equal opportunity activity. One-person, one-vote does not apply when the great body of citizens is under-represented in the halls of Congress compared to the well-financed, highly organized special interest groups, notwithstanding the often plausible objectives of such groups. Lobbying Controversies During the 2012 presidential race, Republican hopeful and former House Speaker Newt Gingrich was accused of lobbying but not registering his activities with the government. Gingrich said he did not fall under the legal definition of a lobbyist, even though he did seek to use his considerable influence to sway policymakers.Former lobbyist Jack Abramoff pleaded guilty in 2006 to charges of mail fraud, tax evasion, and conspiracy in a broad scandal that implicated nearly two dozen people, including former House Majority Leader Tom DeLay. President Barack Obama came under fire for taking what appeared to be contradictory approaches to lobbyists. When Obama took office after winning the 2008 election, he imposed an informal ban on hiring recent lobbyists in his administration. Obama said later: A lot of folks see the amounts of money that are being spent and the special interests that dominate and the lobbyists that always have access, and they say to themselves, maybe I don’t count. Still, lobbyists were frequent visitors to the Obama White House. And many former lobbyists were given jobs in the Obama administration, including Attorney General Eric Holder and Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack. Do Lobbyists Do Any Good? Former President John F. Kennedy described the work of lobbyists in a positive light, saying they are expert technicians capable of examining complex and difficult subjects in clear, understandable fashion. Added Kennedy: â€Å"Because our congressional representation is based upon geographical boundaries, the lobbyists who speak for the various economic, commercial and other functional interests of the country serve a useful purpose and have assumed an important role in the legislative process. Kennedys ringing endorsement is just one voice in the ongoing debate about the perhaps undue influence wrought by monied interests. Its a contentious debate, contentious as democracy itself, since lobbyists play such a central role in the forging of policy and expression of varied groups interests.

Merits of raising capital through the issuance of Bonds or through Essay

Merits of raising capital through the issuance of Bonds or through issuance of Stocks - Essay Example Merits of raising capital through the issuance of Bonds or through issuance of Stocks Marvin Appel emphasized that â€Å"corporate bonds are debt instruments issued by organizations. And, unlike government which is very least likely to default, there is always risk that a corporate business may not be able to pay its obligations to the bondholders† (10). Matt Evans discussed few advantages of issuing bonds to raise capital for a company’s operations. Some of these advantages are: 1. Interest payments made to bond holders are tax deductible as reflected on the issuing corporation’s income statement; 2. Bond issuances do not dilute earnings per share or decrease control within the company; 3. Usually, cost of bonds issued is fixed; interest and principal do not change within the life of the bond; and 4. Expected return of investment to investors is usually lower than ROI on stocks. For tax purposes, legitimate interest expense payments to banks, financial institutions, and other investors are deductible from income before tax. This will include interest or coupon payments to bondholders of the corporation which issued bonds. This is part of the benefits of using funds from debt financing to augment business performance and the same time paying less tax with respect to the company’s income for a covered period. By issuing bonds, it does not change the control structure of a corporation. Equity holdings of stockholders will remain the same; also the same base for earnings-per-share consideration. On the other hand, Evans also pointed out advantages for a company raising capital through the issuance of stocks. These include: a. Stocks have no fixed payments required to investors; investors will receive return of investment based on profits; b. There is no maturity date on the stocks certificate and invested capital does not have to be repaid within a fixed period; and c. Issuing stocks will improve the credit worthiness of the company. At the company’s standpoint, issuance of stocks to raise capital is the cheapest way to finance business operations contrary to bonds. Unlike bonds, there are no scheduled payments for coupon and bulk of funds upon maturity. Shareholders will get income from their investments through dividends if they opt to hold their stocks for a longer period. By issuing stocks, the generated funds will improve ratios like current ratio, acid-test ratio, and debt equity ratio that are of significant considerations for financial statement users. Moreover, if a company continues to have negative results of operations, the invested capital by the stockholders may be absorbed by the loss. That is why it is regarded as the cheapest way to finance business operations. By its nature, stock holdings are not guaranteed in terms of return of investments. B. Risks of raising capital through the issuance of Bonds or through issuance of Stocks Bonds are debt instruments and usually they are huge fund obligations to pay in the future. Ian Giddy had stated that when a corporation borrows up to its capacity, it loses its flexibility of financing some more future projects through debt financing. â€Å"The corporation that is issuing bonds should continue to perform well in business to make profit enough to pay back its obligations on bonds† (Appel 29). If an issuing corporation will default in paying obligations on bonds, it has a negative impact to the organization in different aspects in the bond market and in the industry. It can be regarded that in the company’s perspective, debt financing through bonds is an expensive way of raising capital

INTEGRATED CARE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

INTEGRATED CARE - Essay Example After a few months X noticed changes in Ys behavior. Y would talk aloud as if there was some one else in the room, even when there was no one around. He constantly kept telling X that the other person was plotting to kill him and hence he gave him a severe warning. Y also had many false beliefs. Over a period of time, X noticed that though these symptoms were not there for some days and then they reappeared in a severe form. X also complained that Y stopped attending social functions and preferred to either stay alone or only mingle with his friends who give him company while consuming alcohol. Gradually, the symptoms worsened and on one day, she noticed that Y laughed when X got hurt badly. 5 years after marriage, X managed to convince Y to meet a psychiatrist. Though he was started on some medication, Y did not take the tablets properly and did not return for proper follow ups. X also mentioned that Y kept complaining of abdominal pain for about a month prior to admission. He had l ost weight and actually looked ill and tired. X and Y do not have children. At the time of admission, Y complained of headache and inability to sleep properly. He also complained of nausea. He had consumed alcohol about 18 hours prior to admission. Physical examination of Y revealed pallor, but no icterus. His blood pressures and pulses were within normal limits. He appeared restless and disinterested in the surroundings. Examination of the abdomen revealed tenderness in the epigastric and right hypochondriac region. Respiratory and cardiovascular examinations were unremarkable. He had mild tremors. Rest of the neurology evaluation was normal. A diagnosis of schizophrenia with alcohol abuse was made. Since Y suffered from multiple problems, an integrated care approach was used to treat him. The integrated care was delivered by a multidisciplinary team which included psychiatrist, physician, mental health nurse,